Goma, the capital of North Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has long been marginalized by the central government in Kinshasa. Separated by a distance of over 2,000 kilometers, the government’s distant rule has led to policies that often fail to address the unique needs and realities of the region. However, the recent liberation of Goma offers a glimpse into the future of an integrated Africa, where regional cooperation takes precedence over political divisions.
Goma and Rubavu: A story of borderless cooperation
At the heart of this transformation are the twin cities of Goma (in DRC) and Rubavu (in Rwanda). Historically, these cities have been symbols of cross-border cooperation and exchange. Before the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and recent political tensions, over 50,000 people and goods crossed the border between Goma and Rubavu every day, fueling a thriving economic relationship.
However, political tensions, especially under the leadership of President Tshisekedi, have strained diplomatic relations between Rwanda and the DRC. As a result, these links have been severed, and cross-border trade has come to a near standstill. The restrictive policies imposed by the Congolese government since 2021 have stifled economic activity between the cities, hindering their potential for growth.
When translated into economic terms, the movement of people and goods between Goma and Rubavu represents a significant opportunity for both countries. Despite political hardships, the trade conducted between these cities demonstrates the power of borderless commerce. Unfortunately, the political climate has made it increasingly difficult for such trade to thrive.
A Pan-African vision: The Africa we want
From a Pan-Africanist perspective, the Africa we want should be one where the free movement of people and goods is not only encouraged but guaranteed. This freedom is more than just a logistical or economic necessity; it is a critical element in fostering cooperation between neighboring countries, particularly those with shared histories and cultures. The people of cities like Goma and Rubavu, who share many similarities in language, culture, and daily life, should not be divided by political boundaries.
For example, Goma could draw inspiration from Rubavu, which is known for its adherence to the rule of law, hospitality, and emphasis on public hygiene and order. The people of Goma could learn much from the urban development practices in Rubavu, which has become a model for the region. However, due to poor governance in Kinshasa, this kind of mutual learning and collaboration has been blocked, preventing both cities from realizing their full potential.
The impact of border towns on national politics
What is often overlooked is the ability of border cities like Goma and Rubavu to influence each other and foster mutual development. This influence transcends national politics, demonstrating that cooperation between cities with shared interests and challenges doesn’t have to be defined by the larger national politics at play. These cities have a natural inclination toward mutual support, given their common geography, history, and cultures.
Furthermore, border towns can serve as powerful models of peaceful cooperation and integration. If allowed to thrive, they can demonstrate what is possible when borders are seen as opportunities rather than obstacles.
A call for better leadership
Under Tshisekedi, the situation in Goma highlighted a deeper issue of governance. While Rubavu continues to make progress, Goma and its people have remained constrained by poor leadership and restrictive policies. One of the key drivers of the M23’s actions has been the dire situation in Goma, where the people have lived under the shadow of neglect from Kinshasa. However, rather than relying on military intervention, the future of Goma lies in greater regional cooperation, not isolation or division.
For Goma to realize its full potential, it must be allowed to engage freely with its neighbors and embrace the Pan-African ideal of unity and shared prosperity. This vision aligns with the goals of Agenda 2063, which advocates for a peaceful, prosperous, and integrated Africa.
What I believe the current rebel government should focus on, for the future of fully reintegrated leadership, is prioritizing brotherhood above all. All residents across the worldâ”especially those who share borders with similar culturesâ”should value this connection deeply. As we learn from our own mistakes and those of others, the stepping stone for good leadership in the current Northern Kivu under M23 should never again tolerate the suffocation caused by Tshisekedi’s governance, which neglected the residents of Goma and hindered Rubavu’s economic cooperation.
When Félix Tshisekedi’s leadership chose such a cowardly act, the consequences fell heavily on innocent civilians, while elites and family members within the first family enjoyed the economy at the expense of the common people.
Now, with the M23 managing Goma, businesses have resumed. Though some challenges remain, current figures show that around 38,000 people cross the border daily. These are mostly ordinary people who don’t concern themselves with political calculations; what they enjoy is the ability to buy or sell freely, whenever and wherever, under full protection.
As we look toward the future of Africa, it is clear that the vision of Agenda 2063â”a united, peaceful, and prosperous continentâ”can only be realized through the removal of unnecessary political barriers and the promotion of free movement for people and goods.
The story of Goma and Rubavu serves as one example of the potential that exists in a united Africa. Let us work together to ensure that this vision becomes a reality for all.
Goma fell to M23 rebel group January 2025.
