Category: Uncategorized

From midday on the day of his death, church bells tolled in parishes across the country to mark the beginning of the mourning rites. This tradition, deeply rooted in Catholic liturgy, serves as a public call for prayer and remembrance. It also symbolises the Church entering a time of reflection and spiritual solidarity.

The Archdiocese of Kigali, under the leadership of Cardinal Antoine Kambanda, issued a directive for all parishes to ring their bells and begin special prayers for the late pontiff a few hours after the announcement of his death.

In a communique, Cardinal Kambanda urged Christians, particularly members of religious congregations, to dedicate prayers for Pope Francis and for the universal Church during this critical period.

“May all Christians and people of goodwill find strength during this period of mourning. Let us all look to the risen Christ,

According to canon law and Catholic tradition, the Pope must be buried within nine days of his passing. The mourning period, commonly referred to as novemdiales, involves a series of liturgical observances, including Masses and special intentions for the repose of the Pope’s soul.

The Vatican has not yet confirmed the date of Pope Francis’s funeral, but preparations for the conclave—the highly secretive process of electing a new pope—are expected to begin soon.

Cardinals under the age of 80 are eligible to vote and must gather within 15 to 20 days of the Pope’s death to begin the election process. A two-thirds majority is required for a candidate to be elected.

Until a new pope is chosen, prayers for the Church and its leadership will continue. Rwandan Catholics have been encouraged to use this time not only to mourn but to reflect on the legacy of Pope Francis, who championed humility, dialogue, and inclusion throughout his papacy.

Pope Francis, born Jorge Mario Bergoglio in Argentina, was elected in 2013 and became the first pope from the Americas. During his tenure, he initiated widespread reforms in the Vatican, prioritised the needs of the poor, and challenged the global Church to engage more openly with modern issues.

The Archdiocese of Kigali, under the leadership of Cardinal Antoine Kambanda, issued a directive for all parishes to ring their bells and begin special prayers for the late pontiff a few hours after the announcement of his death.

IGIHE

In a situation update, the Ministry of Health said nine cases of the viral disease had been confirmed in the previous week—five at Nakivale and Oruchinga refugee settlements in Isingiro district and four at Matanda transit centre in Kanungu district.

All three settlements are located in western Uganda.

“Active case searches are ongoing at the community and facility level. VHTs [village health teams] are continuing with door-to-door sensitizations and active case searches,” the ministry said, noting “ongoing screening at the points of entry at the facilities by the triage teams for fever, rashes, dry cough and runny nose.”

Health authorities have launched a measles and rubella vaccination campaign targeting newly arrived refugee children aged 6 months to 15 years, the update said.

At least 105 children were vaccinated against measles and rubella at the Matanda transit center on Sunday, it said.

In March, at least two children died from measles and 68 others were diagnosed with the viral disease in a refugee settlement hosting South Sudanese refugees in Uganda’s mid-western district of Kiryandongo.

Measles is a highly contagious and spreads through coughing and sneezing and can lead to severe complications. Symptoms include high fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes.

According to the World Health Organization, the symptoms of measles appear about seven to 14 days after a person is infected.

In a situation update on Monday, April 21, Uganda’s Ministry of Health said nine cases of the viral disease had been confirmed in the previous week—five at Nakivale and Oruchinga refugee settlements in Isingiro district and four at Matanda transit centre in Kanungu district.

Xinhua

The event, under the theme “Chinese Language: A Gift Across Time and Space,” offered attendees an immersive experience of Chinese culture and language.

Speaking at the event, Lin Hang, charge d’affaires a.i. of the Chinese Embassy in Rwanda, said that as an official language of the United Nations, the Chinese language is an important bond of friendship between the Chinese people and the people around the world.

“Language is a crucial tool of communication for human beings. As you may be aware, Chinese is the only ‘living language’ among the world’s ancient civilizations that is still in use today. At present, more than 190 countries and regions around the world are teaching Chinese, and 85 countries have incorporated Chinese into their national education systems,” she said.

“China puts the spirit of real multilateralism into good practice, embraces an open and inclusive mindset, enhances mutual appreciation and learning, deepens understanding and friendship between the peoples across borders and among civilizations,” she added.

Zeng Guangyu, director of the Confucius Institute at the University of Rwanda, told Xinhua during the event that when the institute was established in 2009, only a handful of students enrolled, as many thought it was too difficult to learn. However, nearly 20,000 Rwandans can now speak Chinese after years of sustained efforts.

He noted that Chinese language skills have opened doors for Rwandan learners, enabling them to secure jobs, win scholarships, study in China, and even start businesses.

“I have seen Chinese learners achieve their dreams through the language — by creating enterprises or finding good jobs. They are truly changing their lives through learning Chinese. English is used worldwide, but Chinese is a rising language in East Africa and across the globe. It represents the future,” Zeng said.

He also highlighted that this year’s celebrations also featured the launch of a Kiswahili-Chinese-English textbook, aimed at bridging Chinese with two of East Africa’s most commonly spoken languages.

“We held a lecture on Chinese characters, organized workshops on Chinese writing and calligraphy, and conducted many activities across different teaching posts to mark the occasion,” Zeng added.

The event, under the theme “Chinese Language: A Gift Across Time and Space,” offered attendees an immersive experience of Chinese culture and language.

The Confucius Institute at the University of Rwanda held celebrations on Sunday afternoon to mark this year’s United Nations Chinese Language Day.

Xinhua

Madeira is a tiny island off the west coast of Africa and is an autonomous region of Portugal, it is the birthplace of Cardinal Mendonca, one of the key names to watch in the upcoming election for the new Pope.

An avid and celebrated poet, he, like Portuguese winger, was born on this island. He didn’t stick around long, though. As a child, he moved with his family to Angola, where he spent time with his father, a fisherman, leaving the country when Portugal withdrew. He returned to Madeira in 1975.

The 59-year-old now sits in the more 'progressive’ camp of the possible pack of cardinals who could replace Francis, and at his age is also one of the youngest.

Mendonca would go on to become a celebrated writer, and has completed a number of visiting professorships at universities around the world, including time as a Fellow at New York University.

He is known as ‘the poet cardinal’ because Pope Francis told him ‘you are the poetry’ when he entered the College of Cardinals in 2019.

He is widely recognized not only as a poet, he represented Portugal at World Poetry Day in 2014, but also as one of the leading intellectuals of the Roman Curia. His name is now one of those recurring following the passing of Pope Francis.

The death of the 88-year-old was announced on Monday morning after he had been in hospital for over a month before being discharged.

Cristiano Ronaldo shares a birth place with Cardinal Jose Tolentino Mendonca.

Cardinal Jose Tolentino Mendonca comes from the tiny island of Madeira.

IGIHE

The museum will honour the lives of thousands of Tutsi who were killed in the former Commune Ntongwe, a region that witnessed some of the genocide’s most harrowing atrocities. The facility will feature two sections and is projected to cost Rwf470 million.

'It is a memorial house dedicated to the history of the Genocide against the Tutsi in the Mayaga region,' said Valens Habarurema, the Mayor of Ruhango District.

'It will serve to explain, in detail, how the Tutsi in what was formerly known as Ntongwe Commune were killed. It will be built with the help of experts using advanced tools to preserve and interpret this history.'

The update on the museum’s timeline came as residents, survivors, and government officials gathered at the Ruhango Genocide Memorial to lay wreaths and honour more than 60,000 victims buried at the site. During the ceremony, 38 newly recovered remains were also laid to rest with dignity.

Once completed, the museum will join Rwanda’s growing network of genocide memorial sites. Six major memorial centers—Kigali, Nyamata, Murambi, Bisesero, Ntarama, and Nyarubuye—currently serve as national remembrance spaces, with four of them recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 2023.

Beyond serving as a memorial, the Ruhango Genocide Museum is envisioned as an educational and research hub that will remain active year-round. Officials hope it will play a vital role in preserving memory, promoting understanding, and reinforcing Rwanda’s commitment to ensuring such heinous acts never happen again.

“Once completed, it will be visited regularly, not only during the official commemoration period,' Habarurema added.

The museum will honour the lives of thousands of Tutsi who were killed in the former Commune Ntongwe, a region that witnessed some of the genocide’s most harrowing atrocities.

The facility will feature two sections and is projected to cost Rwf470 million.

Once completed, the museum will join Rwanda’s growing network of genocide memorial sites.

Wycliffe Nyamasege

Cardinals Peter Turkson of Ghana and Robert Sarah of Guinea are both being closely watched. Turkson, 76, has long been an influential voice on social justice, climate change, and human rights. Though he has maintained the Church’s traditional teachings on marriage and priesthood, he has shown a willingness to critique harsh anti-LGBTQ+ laws in Africa, arguing for more compassionate responses.

Turkson’s election would mark a historic moment as the first African pope in centuries.

His moderate stances, combined with decades of experience in Vatican diplomacy, position him as a potential bridge between the global south and Rome.

Robert Sarah, 79, represents the more conservative wing of the Church. A vocal critic of modern gender discourse and a staunch traditionalist, Sarah has previously aligned with former Pope Benedict XVI on issues such as clerical celibacy. His election would signal a sharp turn away from Francis’s progressive reforms.

Sarah is a traditional, Orthodox cardinal who at one time sought to present himself as a 'parallel authority' to Francis, according to a Vatican observer.

If chosen, either cardinal would become the first Black pope in centuries—a historic shift at a time when the Church’s fastest-growing populations are in Africa and Asia.

Historically, three African popes served in the early centuries of the Church: Pope Victor I (c. 189—199), Pope Miltiades (311—314), and Pope Gelasius I (492—496). All were of North African origin and played significant roles in shaping early Christianity. Since then, no African has held the papacy, making the current moment particularly significant as the Church grapples with questions of representation and global relevance.

Other frontrunners include Italian Cardinal Pietro Parolin, 70, considered a 'continuity candidate' who played a key role in the Vatican’s diplomatic engagement with China and the Middle East. He is viewed as a pragmatic moderate, although his critics argue he compromises too much on doctrine for the sake of diplomacy.

Seen as a moderate 'continuity candidate', Parolin was close to Francis.

From Asia, Filipino Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle, 67, once seen as a natural heir to Francis, now appears to have lost momentum. Still, his advocacy for the poor and pastoral openness on LGBTQ+ and divorced Catholics make him a figure to watch.

If elected, Luis Antonio Tagle would become the first Asian pope.

Hungarian Cardinal Péter Erdő, 72, stands out as a leading conservative voice and could represent a break with Francis’s direction. Known for his intellect and defence of doctrine, Erdő has also drawn criticism for aligning with Hungary’s nationalist leadership on migration issues.

Péter Erdő would represent a big shift away from Francis’s approach.

On the progressive side, Cardinal Matteo Zuppi, 69, of Italy, is closely associated with Francis’s legacy. Known for his peace-building efforts in Ukraine and relatively liberal views on same-sex relationships, Zuppi could carry the torch for a more inclusive Church.

69-year-old Matteo Zuppi comes from Italy.

Portugal’s José Tolentino Calaça de Mendonça, at 59, is among the youngest candidates. Though close to Francis, his age and progressive views—particularly his openness to modern cultural issues—may prove too controversial for traditionalists.

José Tolentino Calaça de Mendonça, 59, hails from Portugal.

Other names in contention include Malta’s Mario Grech and Italian Pierbattista Pizzaballa, the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, known for his advocacy for Christians in the Holy Land and his personal sacrifice during the Israel-Gaza conflict.

Mario Grech has expressed support for female deacons.

Pierbattista Pizzaballa is the Latin patriarch of Jerusalem.

The election will follow centuries-old Vatican traditions. The College of Cardinals, composed of those under 80 years old, will cast secret ballots inside the Sistine Chapel. For a candidate to win, he must secure a two-thirds majority.

If no consensus is reached in a round, the ballots are burned and black smoke rises from the chapel’s chimney—signalling to the world that the conclave continues. White smoke, however, will announce the moment the Church has chosen its new leader.

Wycliffe Nyamasege

'We are saddened by the passing of His Holiness Pope Francis, a moral voice of compassion, humility, and global solidarity,' President Kagame said in a message shared on his official X account.

'His leadership was marked by an honest recognition of the Church’s history in Rwanda, leading to a new era of fruitful relations between the Catholic Church and our nation, one rooted in truth, reconciliation, and a shared commitment to the wellbeing of Rwandans.'

'On behalf of the people of Rwanda and myself, I extend heartfelt condolences to the Catholic Church and Catholics across the world,' he added.

Pope Francis leaves behind a legacy in Rwanda that includes a significant shift in the relationship between the Vatican and the Rwandan government, a relationship that had been clouded for decades by the Catholic Church’s controversial role in the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi.

From 1994 until 2017, relations between the Catholic Church and Rwanda remained tense. Clergy members were accused of inciting division, and some were directly complicit in the genocide, turning against the very communities they were meant to guide and protect.

A turning point came on May 20, 2017, when President Kagame and First Lady Jeannette Kagame traveled to the Vatican. During their visit, Pope Francis received them in a historic meeting that broke the long-standing silence between the two sides.

Pope Francis also made history by elevating Antoine Cardinal Kambanda to the College of Cardinals, making him the first Rwandan to ever hold the title and the right to vote in the election of a pope.

The Catholic Church continues to play a major role in Rwanda beyond its spiritual mission. It manages more than 2,700 schools, runs a wide network of health centers, and is active in sectors including finance, hospitality, and social development.

At the time of his passing, discussions were ongoing about a potential visit to Rwanda, a trip that would have made Pope Francis only the second pontiff to visit the country.

Pope Francis passed away on April 21, 2025.

IGIHE

The signing of the MoU took place during the first official visit to Pakistan by the Rwandan Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Ambassador Olivier Nduhungirehe.

The agreement was announced on Monday, April 21, during a joint press conference in Islamabad with Pakistan’s Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, Mohammad Ishaq Dar. Both sides hailed the visit as a significant milestone in the steadily growing relationship between the two nations.

'This is a historic occasion — the first ever visit by a Rwandan Foreign Minister to Pakistan,' said Dar.

'We held in-depth discussions today, focusing on strengthening our existing ties and exploring new avenues of cooperation. The signing of the MoU in diplomatic training is just the beginning.'

The visit comes on the heels of increased high-level exchanges between the two countries. Pakistan established its High Commission in Kigali in 2021, while Rwanda inaugurated its diplomatic mission in Islamabad in 2024. Both sides view these steps as foundational pillars for deepening collaboration across multiple sectors.

'Our relationship is based on mutual respect and a common drive to work together,' said Minister Nduhungirehe.

'This visit, accompanied by a delegation from the Rwanda Development Board and the Ministry of Trade and Industry, underscores our commitment to doing business with Pakistan.'

The Rwandan minister emphasised that the two countries are actively reviewing additional MoUs in sectors such as education, defence, and trade.

Trade featured prominently in the discussions, with both ministers highlighting opportunities to expand commercial ties. Pakistan currently imports $26 million worth of Rwandan goods annually — primarily tea — and is exploring imports of coffee, avocados, pulses, and horticultural products.

In return, Pakistan, which exports approximately $100 million in goods to Rwanda, sees potential for its pharmaceuticals, textiles, rice, surgical instruments, and sports equipment in the Rwandan market.

'Our economies are complementary,' said Dar. 'This provides a strong foundation for a mutually beneficial partnership.'

Rwandan businesses have recently increased their engagement with Pakistan, including active participation in the health, engineering, and minerals exhibition held in Lahore. More engagement is expected at the upcoming Pakistan-Africa Trade Development Conference and Single Country Exhibition in Addis Ababa next month.

Technology and innovation cooperation

Both countries are eyeing strategic cooperation in technology and innovation. Pakistan, with its growing ICT sector, is keen to support Rwanda’s ambition to become a regional tech hub. Areas under consideration include digital transformation, fintech, e-governance, and innovation platforms for youth.

'Pakistan is ready to collaborate with Rwanda in building digital ecosystems,' said Dar, pointing to potential joint ventures and knowledge exchanges.

On the multilateral front, both countries reaffirmed their commitment to global peace and security. Pakistan and Rwanda are among the top contributors to United Nations peacekeeping missions.

Minister Nduhungirehe praised Pakistan’s role on the UN Security Council and its efforts to address conflicts affecting Africa, particularly in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.

'We appreciate Pakistan’s contributions to peacekeeping and conflict resolution,' Nduhungirehe said.

'Rwanda is committed to regional peace, and we will continue to engage in multilateral efforts for lasting solutions.'

The visit concluded with both ministers expressing optimism about the future of Rwanda-Pakistan relations. High-level visits and diplomatic engagements are expected to continue, with both sides prioritising economic development, regional integration, and mutual support at international forums.

'We see in Pakistan not just a partner, but a friend,' said Minister Nduhungirehe. 'This visit has laid the groundwork for deeper cooperation that benefits both our peoples.'

Rwanda and Pakistan have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) aimed at strengthening cooperation in diplomatic training, signalling a broader ambition to deepen bilateral ties in trade, technology, and investment.

The signing of the MoU took place during the first official visit to Pakistan by the Rwandan Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Ambassador Olivier Nduhungirehe.

Pakistan’s Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, Mohammad Ishaq Dar, stated that Pakistan is ready to collaborate with Rwanda in building digital ecosystems, highlighting the potential for joint ventures and knowledge exchange.

Wycliffe Nyamasege

The commemoration, which included a remembrance walk, took place with the presence of local police for security, but notably lacked the participation of any city officials.

This absence mirrored a similar situation that had occurred earlier in the city of Liège, where Rwandans and their friends were also denied support from local authorities.

Unlike the outright denial faced by the community in Liège, the Bruges memorial was allowed to proceed, albeit with restrictions. Participants were not permitted access to the city’s administrative spaces for their commemorative discussions, and no representatives from the municipal government joined the activities.

The event was organized by the local branch of the survivors’ association, led by Yvette Umutangana. She emphasized the importance of preserving Rwanda’s history and recognized the ongoing efforts required to counter denial and trivialization of the Genocide.

Umutangana also expressed disappointment at the refusal of the city’s mayor to attend, despite having previously committed to participate in the walk.

Throughout the remembrance, she highlighted the resilience of Genocide survivors and the emotional burden they continue to carry. She stressed that remembering the victims is not just a matter of honoring the past but also a responsibility for the present, reinforcing that survivors must continue to speak out and advocate for truth.

Despite the restrictions and symbolic absence from the authorities, the Rwandan community in Bruges remained committed to their cause. The walk itself became a testament to their presence and unity.

While daily life continued for many local residents, the Rwandan participants were reminded of the indifference that was also present during the 1994 Genocide. The sense of exclusion they felt from being denied access to city buildings echoed historical patterns of marginalization.

Other speakers at the event, including Eugène Twagira Mutabazi the President of IBUKA Belgique, reiterated the need to draw strength from these experiences rather than be discouraged.

He pointed out that the lack of recognition or participation from Belgian authorities should serve as motivation to persist in the fight against Genocide denial.

The commemoration also included testimonies, including that of Claudine Mukakinani, and a dedicated session led by children who expressed a strong sense of responsibility to carry forward the legacy of their families, even when they had never personally known some of the victims.

Deo Mazina, the Director of the International Research and Genocide Network (RESIRG), reflected on the historical roots of the Genocide, tracing the violence back to 1959 and pointing out the brutal methods used to target Tutsi individuals.

He emphasized that remembering these events is crucial to preventing similar atrocities in the future.

Yvette Umutangana heads a genocide survivors’ association in Brudges.

Deo Mazina, the Director of the International Research and Genocide Network (RESIRG), reflected on the historical roots of the Genocide

Richard Rukundo facilitated discussions

Eugène Twagira Mutabazi the President of IBUKA Belgique, reiterated the need to draw strength from these experiences

Yvette Umutangana heads a genocide survivors’ association in Brudges.

The commemoration also included testimonies, including that of Claudine Mukakinani.

The artist Marc Pieters performed at the commemoration event.

Yvette Umutangana heads a genocide survivors’ association in Brudges.

Karirima Aimable Ngarambe

Following his death, as with any other head of state, preparations begin for both his funeral and the process to find the Pope’s successor. Pope Francis led the Roman Catholic Church for 12 years and was the 266th pontiff in the history of the Church.

When a pope dies in office, the official confirmation of his death is made by the Camerlengo, a cardinal responsible for overseeing the affairs of the papal household, who then notifies the other cardinals before the news is shared with the public.

However, before this announcement, the pope’s death must first be confirmed by doctors. Once the pope’s death is publicly declared, a nine-day mourning period known as the Novendiale begins.

During this time, the body of the pope is brought to St. Peter’s Basilica, clothed in papal vestments and blessed. Catholics from around the world then come to pay their final respects.

The funeral typically takes place between four to six days after the start of mourning and is organized under the supervision of the College of Cardinals. Popes are usually buried in the Vatican Grottoes beneath St. Peter’s Basilica, which also serves as the papal residence.

However, Pope Francis may not be buried there. In a 2023 interview with Mexico’s Noticieros Televisa, he expressed his wish to be laid to rest in his favorite basilica, Santa Maria Maggiore, also located in Rome.
He also requested a simple casket made of wood and zinc, whereas previous popes were buried in caskets made of two types of wood plus zinc.

During this mourning period, leadership of the Church is held temporarily by the College of Cardinals in a period known as Sede Vacante, meaning 'the seat is vacant.'

Between two to three weeks after the funeral, the cardinals convene in a secretive meeting called the Conclave, held in the Sistine Chapel within St. Peter’s Basilica, to elect the next pope. Only cardinals under the age of 80 are allowed to vote, and currently, there are 138 cardinals eligible to vote out of a total of 240 cardinals worldwide.

When appointing new cardinals, the pope always ensures that the number of eligible electors remains around 120.

The conclave does not conclude in a single sitting. The cardinals gather each day and vote up to four times, twice in the morning and twice in the afternoon, until one candidate receives a two-thirds majority.

If after 33 rounds no candidate has reached the required threshold, the process shifts, the two candidates with the highest votes are retained, and a final vote is held between them. The one with the majority becomes the new pope.

During this entire process, St. Peter’s Square is filled with thousands of Catholic faithful awaiting news of their new spiritual leader.

Each time a round of voting ends without a result, the ballots are burned with black chemicals to produce black smoke, a sign to the public that no pope has been elected. This cycle continues until white smoke finally rises from the Sistine Chapel, signaling the election of a new pope.

At that point, the Dean of the College of Cardinals steps out onto the balcony and declares the traditional Latin phrase, Habemus Papam, meaning 'We have a pope', before announcing the new pontiff’s given name and the papal name he has chosen.

The newly elected pope then appears in white vestments, delivers his first public message, and officially begins his leadership of the Catholic Church.

Clergy members stand in St. Peter’s Square, after the death of Pope Francis was announced by the Vatican in a video statement, at the Vatican, April 21, 2025.

IGIHE