In a statement, Makolo said the agreement contains clear commitments on Rwanda's security, particularly the need to dismantle the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), an armed group composed of perpetrators of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi.
She maintained that the Congolese government continues to support the group and that commitments under the agreement have yet to be implemented, with those responsible still not held accountable.
'The Washington Accords include clear commitments regarding Rwanda's security, particularly the need to address the FDLR, a group composed of perpetrators of the genocide, which is supported by the Government of the DRC. These commitments have not been implemented, and those responsible have not been held accountable,' Makolo said.
'Rwanda is ready to implement the Washington Accords, provided that the Government of the DRC demonstrates a willingness to fulfil its obligations, and that there is a mechanism to ensure all parties are held accountable for the commitments they have made,' she added.
The Washington Accords were signed on December 4, 2025, by Rwandan President Paul Kagame and his Congolese counterpart, Félix Tshisekedi, in the presence of United States President Donald Trump. The agreement seeks to address longstanding tensions between the two countries, particularly the security situation in eastern DRC.
Under the agreement, the DRC committed to neutralising the FDLR, while Rwanda undertook to lift its defensive measures against the armed group.
Rwanda has repeatedly maintained that its defensive measures along the border with the DRC will remain in place until the FDLR militia group is dismantled, as committed to under the Washington Accords.
The FDLR was formed by perpetrators of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi who fled to what is now eastern DRC after the genocide. Rwanda has repeatedly accused the Congolese government of supporting the group, which Kigali considers a threat to its national security.
A United Nations report published on September 21, 2026, indicated that the FDLR continued to operate in eastern DRC. The report documented allegations of killings and enforced disappearances of civilians, mainly in Rutshuru territory, as well as in Masisi, Nyiragongo and Walikale.
Rwanda has previously called on the United States to ensure impartiality in its mediation efforts, arguing that sanctions targeting one party are counterproductive.
The study, published in the journal National Science Review, suggests that magma under extreme pressure can absorb additional oxygen beyond what its usual chemical composition would predict.
The findings could help scientists better understand how Earth's interior, volcanic activity and atmosphere have interacted over geological time.
The research was led by scientists from the Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research in China, working with colleagues from Northwestern Polytechnical University and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.
To investigate the process, the team recreated conditions found deep inside Earth in laboratory experiments.
They heated a synthetic form of mid-ocean ridge basalt, a volcanic rock, at temperatures between 1,200 and 1,800 degrees Celsius and pressures reaching seven gigapascals.
At the highest pressure, the material contained more than five per cent excess oxygen by weight when platinum oxide was added to create an oxygen-rich environment.
Samples tested under similar conditions without the added platinum oxide contained much lower amounts, between 0.2 and 0.5 per cent.
The researchers used Raman spectroscopy to check whether the extra oxygen was present as trapped gas bubbles.
They found no detectable evidence of oxygen gas, suggesting that the additional oxygen had become part of the glass structure formed when the molten samples cooled.
Computer simulations supported the experimental findings, showing that magma's capacity to hold excess oxygen increases with pressure.
The models also suggested that oxygen atoms can form different chemical arrangements as more oxygen enters the melt.
The team proposes that magma formed in oxidised parts of Earth's mantle could absorb extra oxygen deep underground.
As magma rises towards the surface and pressure falls, some of that oxygen might be released and participate in chemical reactions affecting the mantle, crust and atmosphere.
This possibility may be relevant to a period between about 2.5 billion and two billion years ago, when atmospheric oxygen increased significantly and large volcanic regions formed.
The researchers calculated that if ancient eruptions released excess oxygen equal to just 0.27 per cent of the magma's weight, the theoretical amount could equal the oxygen currently present in Earth's atmosphere.
However, this calculation does not prove that volcanoes supplied that oxygen. Further research is needed to determine how much oxygen natural magma can carry and how much could reach the atmosphere.
The findings may also help researchers investigate the evolution of other rocky planets and the conditions that allow habitable environments to develop.
Researchers have found that magma deep inside Earth can store additional oxygen under extreme pressure, potentially offering new insights into the planet's atmospheric evolution.
Recognizing the important role Rwandans living abroad play in the country's growth, the Bank continues to expand its engagement across international markets, offering tailored financial solutions that enable diaspora customers to maintain strong connections and financial ties with Rwanda.
Following its recent engagement in Canada, I&M Bank Rwanda is preparing to participate in two key diaspora gatherings: the Rwandan Diaspora Europe Retreat 2026 in Poland on October 30 and 31 2026, and the Rwanda Unity and Resilience Forum 2026 in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, on 31 October 2026.
Strengthening ties through an exclusive partnership in Canada
I&M Bank Rwanda recently engaged with the Rwandan community in Canada through its exclusive partnership with the Rwandan Community Abroad (RCA) Canada, formalized through a Memorandum of Understanding during the Rwanda Convention Canada in Ottawa on October 10, 2026.
The partnership reflects the Bank's commitment to building lasting relationships with diaspora communities and expanding access to financial services that support their aspirations to save, invest, and build assets in Rwanda while living abroad.
Through this collaboration, I&M Bank Rwanda seeks to strengthen financial inclusion, facilitate engagement with the Rwandan community, and create greater awareness of the banking and investment opportunities available in Rwanda.
The Bank's participation in the Canadian convention also provided an opportunity to engage directly with community members, understand their financial needs, and demonstrate how tailored banking solutions can help them remain connected to home.
Banking solutions designed around diaspora needs
At the centre of I&M Bank Rwanda's diaspora strategy is a commitment to making banking more accessible and convenient for customers living abroad.
The Bank offers a range of solutions, including remote account opening, savings and fixed-term deposit products, digital banking services, and financing options for eligible customers seeking to invest in property and other opportunities in Rwanda.
These services are designed to help diaspora customers manage their finances, support their families, build savings, and pursue long-term investment goals without necessarily needing to be physically present in Rwanda.
Commenting on the Bank's commitment to diaspora banking, Yves Kayihura, Head of Retail Banking at I&M Bank Rwanda Plc, said: 'At I&M Bank Rwanda, we are committed to making banking more accessible and convenient for Rwandans living abroad through tailored financial solutions that enable them to save, invest, and build assets back home.
'Through dedicated diaspora banking support, remote account opening, digital banking services, and financing options, we aim to help our customers manage their finances and pursue long-term investment goals while remaining connected to Rwanda. For us, diaspora banking goes beyond transactions; it is about building lasting relationships and turning our customers' aspirations for home into meaningful financial opportunities.'
The Bank recognizes the diaspora as an important partner in Rwanda's development, contributing through investments, entrepreneurship, knowledge, and connections with international markets.
I&M Bank Rwanda Plc formalised an exclusive partnership with the Rwandan Community Abroad (RCA) Canada through a Memorandum of Understanding signed during the Rwanda Convention Canada in Ottawa on October 10, 2026.I&M Bank Rwanda's partnership with RCA Canada is part of its broader effort to strengthen financial links between Rwandans living abroad and investment opportunities in their home country.Through its partnership with RCA Canada, I&M Bank Rwanda seeks to connect diaspora customers with remote account opening, digital banking, savings products and eligible financing options.
The handover ceremony took place at FERWAFA headquarters on Thursday, October 29, following Shema's resignation on September 29, 2026.
In a letter to the federation's General Assembly, Shema linked his decision to his personal conduct, saying stepping down was necessary to protect FERWAFA's integrity, maintain public confidence and ensure its activities continued without disruption.
Speaking during the handover, he thanked those who had supported him and pledged to remain involved in Rwandan football.
'I am not leaving football behind. I will continue attending matches at the stadium and will accompany Amavubi on various occasions. I hope we will qualify for the Africa Cup of Nations,' he said.
Shema's resignation came amid a court case related to his medical equipment business, Africa Medical Supplier. He had faced charges of issuing bounced cheques and obtaining another person's property through fraud.
On September 22, Nyarugenge Primary Court ordered his release after he accepted a plea agreement with the prosecution. The prosecution told the court that he had made the required payment and requested a six-month suspended sentence for one year and a fine of Rwf3 million.
FERWAFA's presidential eligibility rules stipulate that candidates must not have been convicted of an offence and sentenced to imprisonment for more than six months.
Gasarabwe pledges continuity
Gasarabwe, who previously served as FERWAFA's First Vice President in charge of Finance and Administration, pledged to maintain ongoing projects while making adjustments where necessary.
'We will not abandon the project we started when we were elected. If necessary, we will refine it for the benefit of Rwandan football,' she said.
She also called for unity, professionalism, improved performance and accountability within the federation.
Shema's record
Shema took office in 2025, prioritising improved finances for football clubs and greater self-sufficiency.
During his tenure, FERWAFA distributed Rwf484 million in prize money to eight teams in the men's top-flight league. The champions received Rwf80 million, while the team finishing eighth earned Rwf10 million.
He also supported efforts to recruit talented Rwandan players based abroad for the national team, Amavubi, and facilitated a training camp for the team in Egypt.
However, he leaves office without achieving his stated ambitions of guiding Rwanda to the 2027 Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON) and qualifying for the 2030 FIFA World Cup. Rwanda last appeared at AFCON in 2004.
Gasarabwe now faces the task of maintaining the federation's ongoing programmes as it navigates the leadership change and continues preparations for upcoming football competitions.
The handover ceremony took place at FERWAFA headquarters on Thursday, October 29, following Shema's resignation on September 29, 2026.Speaking during the handover, Shema thanked those who had supported him and pledged to remain involved in Rwandan football.Gasarabwe, who previously served as FERWAFA's First Vice President in charge of Finance and Administration, pledged to maintain ongoing projects while making adjustments where necessary.
The match will take place at the Raila Odinga International Stadium at Talanta Sports City, a 60,000-seat facility built as part of Kenya's preparations to co-host AFCON 2027 with Rwanda's neighbours Uganda and Tanzania.
The fixture will bring two of Europe's prominent clubs to East Africa as the region prepares to host the continental tournament, which will be staged across three countries for the first time.
The 2027 edition will also mark AFCON's return to East Africa after more than 50 years.
FC Bayern board member for marketing and sales Rouven Kasper said the match would help the German club strengthen its relationship with supporters across Africa.
'FC Bayern has millions of fantastic fans in Africa with whom we feel a close connection. It's a continent with a huge passion for football,' Kasper said.
He added that the event would give African supporters an opportunity to experience the club first-hand while raising the profile of German football and the Bundesliga.
The match will take place at the Raila Odinga International Stadium at Talanta Sports City, a 60,000-seat facility built as part of Kenya's preparations to co-host AFCON 2027.
Ticket sales are scheduled to begin on November 5 through the stadium's official website.
Kenyan President William Ruto announced the fixture on October 28, describing it as a meeting between two major European clubs. He noted that Bayern Munich and Ajax have won Europe's top club competition a combined 10 times.
The stadium, located at Jamhuri Grounds along Ngong Road in Nairobi, is one of Kenya's key infrastructure projects for AFCON 2027. Construction began in March 2024, with the government overseeing the works through the Ministry of Defence and the Kenya Defence Forces.
The facility is designed primarily for football and rugby, with spectators seated closer to the playing surface than in traditional multipurpose stadiums.
Beyond AFCON 2027, the stadium is expected to expand Kenya's capacity to host international sporting events.
German football giants Bayern Munich will face Dutch record champions Ajax in Nairobi on January 5, 2027, in a match marking the official opening of Kenya's new national stadium ahead of the 2027 Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON).
The number of Rwandans who have opened accounts to invest through the capital market has also reached 300,000, reflecting growing interest in shares and bonds.
Mitali shared the figures on Wednesday, October 28, 2026, during the Capital Markets Roadshows 2026 in Rubavu District. The campaign, organised in collaboration with the Capital Market Authority (CMA) and other stakeholders, seeks to raise awareness of investment opportunities available through the capital market and encourage businesses to use it.
He said the shift had taken place over the past three years, with Rwandans increasing their share of investment in the market to more than 77%, up from a period when foreign investors accounted for 60%.
'Foreign investors were known to capture most of the returns generated by companies listed on the RSE, but the trend is moving in the right direction. Rwandans now account for more than 77% of investment in our market, and they are increasingly opening accounts,' Mitali said.
He urged more Rwandans to consider the capital market, saying investment opportunities were not limited to foreigners or people with substantial financial resources.
The market allows investors to buy shares in listed companies or debt securities, including bonds, offering individuals and businesses alternative ways to invest their money or raise capital.
During the Rubavu campaign, business owners were briefed on how they could use the market to diversify their investments and access funding for business expansion.
Western Province Governor Jean Bosco Ntibitura encouraged entrepreneurs to look beyond their existing business activities and explore other investment opportunities.
'Engaging with officials from the Rwanda Stock Exchange provides a good opportunity for business owners to learn how they can generate additional income from the money they already have. They need to understand these opportunities and have them explain how they work,' he said.
Ntibitura added that investors and businesses could benefit from understanding how the capital market operates and the opportunities it offers.
Several Rwandan companies have already used the market to raise funds for their operations and expansion.
Among them is Prime Energy, an energy company that raised more than Rwf9.5 billion through green bonds, debt securities intended to finance environmentally friendly projects.
The growing participation of Rwandans in the capital market could expand the pool of domestic investment available to businesses while giving individuals more options for putting their savings to work.
David Mitali (left) Head of Risk and Compliance at the bourse, highlighted the growing participation of Rwandans in the market.
The campaign, organised in collaboration with the Capital Market Authority (CMA) and other stakeholders, seeks to raise awareness of investment opportunities available through the capital market and encourage businesses to use it.
Dr. Nsengiyumva is representing President Paul Kagame at the summit, which opened on October 28 and is scheduled to conclude on October 29.
According to information shared by the Office of the Prime Minister, the Prime Minister also addressed participants in the Russia–Africa Youth Forum held at MGIMO University, where he shared Rwanda's development experience and highlighted the role of young people in fostering unity and prosperity.
The summit brings together Russian and African leaders to discuss ways of expanding cooperation across several sectors, including trade, investment, infrastructure, energy, agriculture, healthcare and technology.
Discussions are also expected to cover cooperation in artificial intelligence, nuclear technology, scientific research and skills development.
This is the third Russia–Africa Summit since the initiative was launched in 2019. The inaugural summit took place in Sochi, Russia, on October 23–24, 2019, while the second was held in Saint Petersburg on July 27–28, 2023.
The 2023 summit resulted in several cooperation documents, including a Russia–Africa Partnership Action Plan for 2023–2026.
Rwanda and Russia established diplomatic relations on October 17, 1963, when Rwanda opened relations with the former Soviet Union.
The two countries have since developed cooperation in areas including politics, defence, education, culture and technology.
The reception was attended by officials from various countries. Premier Nsengiyumva is among African leaders hosted by Putin on the sidelines of the third Russia-Africa Summit.
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) and Airlines for America made the appeal in separate letters to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
The rules, scheduled to take effect on November 3, require passengers and crew members on international flights to the United States to sign a digital or paper declaration confirming they have not been in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) during the preceding 21 days.
IATA, which represents more than 370 airlines in over 130 countries, said airlines had insufficient time to adapt their systems and procedures to the requirement.
'It is unreasonable for the U.S. government to require all airlines serving the U.S. market to modify their procedures to accommodate the collection of attestations from each individual (passenger and crew) flying to the United States in less than two weeks,' the association said in its letter, as quoted by Reuters.
Airlines for America, which represents major US carriers including United Airlines, American Airlines, Southwest Airlines and Delta Air Lines, also described the plan as difficult to implement within the available timeframe.
The group said airlines would need to adjust check-in systems, introduce digital signatures, update procedures at airports and train staff to enforce the requirement.
It called on the CDC to consider a more measured response and urged exemptions for crew members, US military personnel and passengers travelling in aircraft jump seats.
The industry group also cited figures showing that US Customs and Border Protection screened approximately 130 million air passengers in 2025, fewer than 25,000 of whom had a connection to the DRC.
IATA questioned why the declaration requirement applies to air travel but not to maritime and land transportation but the CDC has also not publicly responded to the airline groups' appeal.
The new requirement comes amid a major outbreak of Bundibugyo virus disease, a form of Ebola, centred in the DRC and with confirmed imported cases reported in other countries.
According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Bundibugyo Ebola outbreak had reached 10,172 confirmed cases and 4,932 confirmed deaths across five affected countries as of October 26, 2026.
The Democratic Republic of Congo accounted for 10,141 cases and 4,928 deaths, while Kenya had reported nine cases, including two deaths.
Uganda had recorded 20 confirmed cases and two deaths, Nigeria one confirmed case, and France one confirmed case. The outbreak has spread across the five countries since it was declared in the DRC on May 15, 2026.
The outbreak has prompted authorities to strengthen surveillance, contact tracing and preparedness measures across borders.
The CDC says the 21-day declaration requirement is intended to reduce the risk of Ebola entering the United States through air travel. The period corresponds to the maximum incubation period for Ebola disease.
Under the order, airlines must ensure that covered travellers complete the declaration before boarding. Those who fail to provide it may not be allowed to board unless they qualify for an exemption.
The requirement applies to US citizens and other eligible travellers departing from foreign countries, including those connecting through the United States.
While the airline groups have raised concerns about implementation costs and operational difficulties, the dispute highlights the challenge of introducing emergency public health measures across an international aviation network.
The WHO has advised against restrictions on travel to or trade with affected countries, while emphasising the importance of cross-border cooperation, surveillance and preparedness as the outbreak continues.
The International Air Transport Association (IATA), which represents more than 370 airlines worldwide, has warned that carriers have insufficient time to adjust their systems and procedures to comply with new US Ebola-related travel declaration requirements.
The programme is already underway, with the first 50 women having started training in October 2026. They form the first cohort of a pilot targeting 500 women in Rwanda, before a planned expansion to other African markets to reach 5,000 participants by 2030.
This initiative reflects Spiro's ambition to ensure that the growth of electric mobility in Africa creates new opportunities for women. While motorcycles are a major source of employment in transport, delivery and logistics, women remain largely underrepresented in the sector. In Rwanda, women account for just 4% of transport workers, despite a 2025 study in Kigali finding that 47.7% of women surveyed would consider becoming motorcycle taxi drivers.
The Women in E-Mobility programme aims to address these challenges by providing participants with practical motorcycle riding and road safety training, financial literacy, digital skills and entrepreneurship support. Women will also gain access to affordable financing, including lease-to-own arrangements, enabling them to acquire Spiro electric motorcycles and use its battery-swapping network.
Beyond access to vehicles, the programme will connect participants with ride-hailing, delivery and logistics platforms, helping them secure customers and build sustainable businesses.
Through this approach, Spiro and ESP aim to encourage more women to pursue careers in electric mobility and contribute to the sector's growth.
'Electric mobility is creating new economic opportunities across Africa, and we want more women to be part of this transformation. Through this programme, we are giving women the tools to become professional drivers, build their own businesses and generate income. Our ambition is to encourage a new generation of women entrepreneurs who will help shape the future of mobility on the continent,' said Anant Badjatya, Group CEO of Spiro.
The programme combines Spiro's electric mobility infrastructure with the entrepreneurship expertise of Entrepreneurial Solutions Partners (ESP), a pan-African firm helping entrepreneurs access financing, develop their skills and grow their businesses.
'For women entrepreneurs, having access to a motorcycle is only the first step. Building a successful business also requires skills, financing, customers and ongoing support. By combining ESP's entrepreneurship expertise with Spiro's electric mobility ecosystem, we want to create practical and sustainable economic opportunities for women,' said Eric Kacou, Co-founder and CEO of Entrepreneurial Solutions Partners.
Rwanda was selected as the starting point for the programme, building on its growing electric mobility ecosystem and Spiro's established local presence, including its assembly operations and battery-swapping network.
The initial pilot will help assess participants' progress, income generation and business performance before the programme is progressively extended to other African countries where Spiro operates between 2027 and 2030.
To support this expansion, Spiro and ESP are seeking to engage development finance institutions, impact investors, governments and commercial partners to facilitate access to financing, strengthen training and expand commercial opportunities.
Through Women in E-Mobility, both partners aim to demonstrate how the transition to cleaner transport can also encourage women's entrepreneurship, create jobs and support economic development across Africa.
Spiro is Africa's largest electric mobility company present in seven countries, operating the continent's most extensive and fastest growing network of battery-swapping for electric two-wheel vehicles.
With more than 156,000 electric motorcycles, over 2500 battery swapping stations, 11 mega swap stations in Kenya and Rwanda, and more than 57 million battery swaps to date, Spiro has achieved over 3.1 billion kilometres of low-carbon emissions travel, transforming mobility and economies through substituting expensive imported fossil fuel-based transportation with affordable, accessible and sustainable solutions.
Through its expanding regional production network and operational assembling facilities in Uganda, Kenya, Nigeria and Rwanda, Spiro is committed to delivering electric vehicles made in Africa by Africans for Africa and the world.
Meanwhile, Entrepreneurial Solutions Partners (ESP) is a pan-African consulting and investment firm founded in 2011, with offices in Kigali, Abidjan, Nairobi and Dakar.
Operating across 28 countries with a team of nearly 100 professionals, ESP deploys its proprietary Intelligent Capital methodology to support entrepreneurs and private sector ecosystems across Africa.
ESP has supported more than 12,900 MSMEs, contributed to 43,153 direct jobs and unlocked USD 104.5 million in access to finance. Its programmes have reached over 23,700 young women, with a focus on entrepreneurship, economic inclusion and sustainable business development.
Its institutional partners include the Mastercard Foundation, the World Bank Group and the African Development Bank.
Spiro and Entrepreneurial Solutions Partners (ESP) aim to train 500 women in Rwanda before expanding the programme to other African markets, targeting 5,000 participants by 2030.The Women in E-Mobility programme aims to help women become professional electric motorcycle riders, establish businesses and generate sustainable income.The pilot phase of the Women in E-Mobility programme began in Rwanda in October 2026, with the first 50 women starting training.Women make up just 4% of transport workers in Rwanda, highlighting the gender gap the Women in E-Mobility programme seeks to address.Participants receive training in motorcycle riding, road safety, financial literacy, digital skills and entrepreneurship to prepare them for careers in electric mobility.Women participating in the Women in E-Mobility programme receive practical motorcycle riding and road safety training as part of efforts to increase women's participation in electric mobility.
Kagame made the remarks on Wednesday, October 28, during the second meeting of the AI for Good Global Commission, which he co-chairs alongside Marc Benioff, CEO and co-founder of Salesforce.
The virtual meeting brought together Benioff, International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Secretary-General Doreen Bogdan-Martin, who serves as vice-chair, and other commissioners to review progress and discuss the next steps towards ensuring AI delivers economic and social benefits worldwide.
'The objective of this commission is to ensure that AI reaches everyone, everywhere without exception,' Kagame said.
President Kagame co-chaired the meeting alongside Marc Benioff, CEO and co-founder of Salesforce.
He noted that AI continues to evolve and that its benefits would grow if people from different backgrounds had a voice in determining how the technology develops.
'The benefits of AI will also compound if we all have a voice in shaping the future of this new technology,' he said.
Kagame urged commissioners to continue asking difficult questions and commit their time, expertise and resources to finding practical solutions.
'As a commission, our job is to keep asking the hard questions and commit our time, expertise, and resources to find practical solutions,' he remarked, expressing confidence that the commission had the capacity to achieve its objectives.
The President also said Rwanda was ready to champion the commission's AI for Good in Action initiative, through which some of the country's existing initiatives could be scaled up.
'Rwanda is also ready to champion the work under the AI for Good in Action where some of our initiatives as a country can be scaled,' he added.
The meeting comes as Rwanda advances plans to strengthen its national AI capabilities, including the establishment of the National Artificial Intelligence Agency.
The Head of State stressed that AI continues to evolve and that its benefits would grow if people from different backgrounds had a voice in determining how the technology develops.
Rwanda advances its AI agenda
On Tuesday, October 27, Kagame appointed three senior officials to lead operations, delivery, and strategy and partnerships at the agency.
Olivier Twagirayezu was appointed Chief Operations Officer, Jessica Ingabire Chief Delivery Officer, and Robert Kayinamura Chief Strategy and Partnerships Officer.
The appointments follow Cabinet approval in June 2026 to establish the agency, which is expected to coordinate AI development, innovation, investment, adoption and governance in support of Rwanda's digital transformation and economic growth.
Its mandate includes government transformation, research, skills development, AI ethics and safety, industry development, commercialisation and international partnerships.
Rwanda has been positioning AI as a tool for improving public services and supporting economic development, with initiatives spanning healthcare, agriculture and public administration.
The commission, meanwhile, seeks to bring together leaders from government, business and international organisations to identify practical ways to expand access to AI, strengthen trust and ensure the technology contributes to development across countries and communities.
Kagame was appointed co-chair alongside Benioff when the commission was announced by the ITU in July 2026. Bogdan-Martin serves as vice-chair.
